How did phrenology relate to the concept of determinism?
Frequently Asked Question about the extinct profession: Phrenologist
Phrenology, the study of skull shape to determine personality traits, suggested that human behavior and character were predetermined by brain structure. This aligns with determinism, which posits that all events, including human actions, are determined by preceding causes. Phrenologists believed that understanding one's skull could predict behavior, implying a lack of free will and reinforcing deterministic views.