20th Century

Human Computer

An extinct profession from 20th Century that became obsolete due to technological advancement and societal change.

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Historical Job Details

Years Active

c. 1930s - 1950s

Typical Earnings

Human Computers typically earned between $1,200 to $2,500 annually, depending on their experience and the complexity of the work they were involved in, which was a respectable wage for women at the time.

Cause of Extinction

The role of the Human Computer began to decline in the late 1950s with the advent of electronic computers. As machines became capable of performing calculations at unprecedented speeds and with greater accuracy, the demand for manual calculations diminished. The introduction of programming languages and software further automated processes that Human Computers had once performed, leading to the obsolescence of this occupation. Additionally, societal changes, including the push for gender equality in the workforce, opened up new opportunities for women, allowing them to pursue careers in fields that had previously been dominated by men, including computer science and engineering.

Tools of the Trade

Pencil

Paper

Mechanical Calculator

Slide Rule

Adding Machine

Skills Required

Advanced Mathematics

Attention to Detail

Problem-Solving

Team Collaboration

Time Management

Daily Tasks & Responsibilities

Performing complex calculations by hand
Collaborating with scientists and engineers
Double-checking and verifying calculations
Compiling and reporting results
Maintaining meticulous records of work

Frequently Asked Questions

About the Human Computer Profession

The role of a Human Computer emerged in the early 20th century, primarily during the 1930s to the 1950s, as a response to the growing need for complex calculations in fields such as astronomy, engineering, and military applications. Human Computers were predominantly women who performed mathematical calculations by hand, often using pencil and paper, and later, mechanical calculators. They worked in teams, meticulously calculating trajectories for rockets, analyzing astronomical data, and solving intricate mathematical problems that were essential for scientific advancements. Their work was critical in the development of early computers, as they laid the groundwork for the algorithms and processes that would later be automated.

These women, often referred to as "computers," were not only skilled mathematicians but also adept at problem-solving and critical thinking. They operated in environments that ranged from university laboratories to government research facilities, where they collaborated closely with scientists and engineers. The atmosphere was often intense, with deadlines looming and the pressure to produce accurate results being paramount.

The Human Computer's role was not just about numbers; it was about precision, attention to detail, and the ability to work under pressure. They were the unsung heroes behind many scientific breakthroughs, including the early space missions and the development of radar technology during World War II. Their contributions were vital, yet often overlooked in the historical narrative of computing and mathematics.

Day in the Life of a Human Computer

Morning: The Calculating Begins

The day typically began early, with Human Computers arriving at their desks in a bustling research facility. After a quick briefing with their supervisors, they would gather their tools: pencils, erasers, and mechanical calculators. The first task of the day often involved reviewing the previous day's calculations, ensuring accuracy and making necessary corrections.

Mid-Morning: Team Collaboration

As the morning progressed, the Human Computers would often work in teams, discussing complex problems and sharing insights. They would gather around large tables covered in sheets of paper filled with numbers and equations. Collaboration was key, as they would double-check each other's work, ensuring that every calculation was precise.

Afternoon: Intensive Calculation

The afternoon was often the most intense part of the day. With deadlines approaching, the Human Computers would dive deep into their calculations, sometimes working on multiple problems simultaneously. The atmosphere was charged with focus, as the sound of pencils scratching against paper filled the room. They would often take short breaks to clear their minds, but the pressure to deliver accurate results was ever-present.

Late Afternoon: Reporting Results

As the day wound down, the Human Computers would compile their results into reports for the scientists and engineers they supported. This involved not only presenting the numbers but also explaining the methodologies used in their calculations. The ability to communicate complex mathematical concepts clearly was essential, as it ensured that their work could be effectively utilized in ongoing projects.

Evening: Continuous Learning

After hours, many Human Computers would engage in further study, keeping up with advancements in mathematics and technology. This commitment to continuous learning was crucial, as the field was rapidly evolving, and staying ahead meant adapting to new methods and tools.

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